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Introduction to anomaly scanning in the second trimester

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Lung sequestration diagnosed on ultrasound at
20 weeks of gestation. e=echogenic lung,
v=vessel arising from aorta.

Fetal anomaly scanning in the midtrimester is a widely performed screening test for the detection of structural malformations in the fetus. The majority of women have a normal result and are reassured by this. A small proportion of women will have an abnormal result, and will turn to their obstetrician to provide them with further information.

This tutorial will help you to learn more about the fetal anomaly scan as a screening test, and the management of some of the abnormalities that may be detected.

Learning objectives

When you have completed this tutorial you will be able to:

  • provide a woman with appropriate pre-test counselling before a midtrimester anomaly scan
  • understand the limitations of a midtrimester anomaly scan
  • describe the ultrasound characteristics of normal fetal anatomy and a range of fetal abnormalities
  • outline the further management of a range of fetal abnormalities that can be diagnosed on ultrasound
  • discuss the prognosis for a range of fetal abnormalities
  • understand the law relating to termination of pregnancy for fetal abnormality.

Last updated: 25/11/09 (New images added to the sections on cardiac abnormalities, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, exomphalos and gastroschisis).

28/10/09 (Author reviewed tutorial and added sections on cleft lip and palate and choroid plexus cysts. Image added to section on cystic hygroma).

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