- Introduction
- E-tutor profile
- Preliminary reading
- Introductory self assessments
- Terminology and epidemiology
- Physiology
- Clinical manifestations
- Managing menopausal symptoms
- HRT
- HRT consultation
- Side effects of HRT
- HRT use in women with co-morbidity
- Stopping HRT
- Final assessment - HRT
- Alternative therapies to HRT
- Osteoporosis
- Final assessment - osteoperosis
- Short essay questions
Introduction to management of climacteric problems
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Life expectancy of women has been increasing over the past 150 years. However, the age of menopause has not changed and, therefore, a woman can now expect to spend nearly 40% of her life span (about 30 years) after menopause. Postmenopausal women account for over 20% of the UK population.
During the transition from the reproductive years through perimenopause and menopause, a woman is faced with:
- physical changes affecting quality of life
- health problems arising because of ageing coupled with an individual's genetic makeup and unhealthy lifestyles.
For many women, hormone replacement therapies (HRT) can provide very effective relief from distressing menopausal symptoms, significantly improving their quality of life. HRT also has an important preventive role, reducing the risk of debilitating diseases such as osteoporosis. For other women, non-hormonal options (alternative or complementary therapies or natural remedies) may be preferred.
The results of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) and the Million Women Study (MWS) have created controversy among health professionals and women about the role of HRT.
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Learning objectives On completion of this tutorial you will be able to:
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Last updated: 18/05/10 (tutorial reviewed and updated by Sreedevi Gurram)
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