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Introduction to sexually transmitted infections

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King Henry VIII was rumoured to have died from syphilis.
Wellcome Library, London.

The incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) has increased dramatically over recent years with changes in social and sexual behaviour. Despite successive UK governments' initiatives to curb this trend, the incidence continues to rise. The diagnosis and treatment of these infections is only one of many issues that have to be considered. Education of health professionals and the general population, prevention, early detection through screening programmes and contact tracing are equally important. Whilst the incidence of HIV is small in the UK compared with many developing countries, it is still a major concern and is increasing in both homosexual and heterosexual groups.

This tutorial will help you to learn about the signs, symptoms, diagnosis and management of STIs, including HIV, and the consequences of these diseases if treatment is delayed. Information is also included on the diagnosis and management of genital tract infections that are not sexually transmitted, so that you can differentiate between them and treat them appropriately. Particular emphasis is given to UK practice, with consideration of relevant legal and ethical issues, governmental policy on service provision and screening, and factors that influence the effectiveness and outcome of treatment.

Learning objectives

When you have completed this tutorial you will be able to:

  • recognise the signs and symptoms associated with sexually and non-sexually transmitted genital tract infections
  • know how to investigate and treat genital tract infections
  • understand the UK legislation that has been introduced to reduce the incidence of STIs
  • adopt a holistic approach to the management of STIs
  • understand the nature of HIV infection, the mode of transmission, diagnosis and treatment, as well as the long term implications of this condition
  • diagnose and manage STIs in pregnant women

Last updated:04/08/11 (22 new images added)

17/05/11 (tutorial was reviewed and updated by Dr Khaled Elsapagh)

30/06/09 (SIGN guideline added in 2009 SIGN guideline section and RCOG guideline added in Preliminary reading and Management of herpes section).

26/01/09 (Two BJOG papers added in the Management of chlamydial infection section).

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